Transmission mechanism



Aug. 26, 1947. J, BERNDTSQN 2,426,160

I wmusm s ston' MECHANISM I Fii ed 14 g 26, 194: 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 grwmm 2. L 0 LWHSW a, WWW

Aug-26,1941 f J.o. BERNDTSON 2,426,160

TRANSMISSION HECHANISI Filed March 26, 1943 9 shuns-slim? A1181 1947; J. o. BERNDTSON 2,426,160

TRANSMISSION IECHAN ISI Filed llalrch 26, 1943 9 Sheets-Shoot;

A 53%, W47. J. o. BERNDTSON v 2,426,160

TRANSMISSION MECHANISM Aug. 26, 1947. J. c5. BERNDTSON 2,426,160

- mmsurssxou uncamisu Filed larch 26, 1943 9 Sheots'Sheot 5 Aug. 26, 1947. J. OQBERNDTSON r 2,426,150

TRANSMISSION MECHANISM Filed larch 26, 1943 9 Sheets-Sheet 'T f ammm W- 1947. J. o. BERNDTSON 1 2,426,160

TRANSNISS ION MECHANISM Filed larch 26, 1943 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Fig.

' Patented Aug. 26, 1947 2,426,160 I H "Transmission MECHANISM John 0. Berndtson, Short Beach; Conn, assignor I to The Sno'w-Na'bstedt Gear Corporation, New

Haven,.Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Application March 26, 1943, se ial No. 480,626

r 21 Claims. (Cl.192- 3.5)

This invention relates to transmission mecha- 'nisms and while not limited theretoit has special application to gearing for marine use in which there is-not only provision for reversing the direction of drive of the propeller shaft or other driven shaft but also for obtaining a drive'at reduced -speed.-

one of the objects time invention is to provide "a very strong' and ruggedgear well adapted for heavy duty service; a

Another object is toprovide'a very. simple compact arrangement ofgearing;

Another purposeof thejinvention is topro'vide a transmissi'on'in which the gearshifts for forward and reverse drive can be. effected very easily and without clashing.

Another puIDOSe is to provide atransmission in which when the; shift from neutral to forward drive or to reverse drive is made the main gears are stationary so as to facilitate the shift into 7 forward drive or reverse.

Other objects of the inventionare to furnish a simple and effective control for the gearing and to supply a transmission inwhich a sturdy and powerful clutch can be used.

To these and other ends the invention consists in the novel features and combinations of parts hereinafter described and finallyipointed out in the claims. a I 1 In the accompanying drawings:

other parts are supported;

ing among other things the means for tightening a d releasing the brake band which surrounds the internal gear carried by the driven shaft, the position shown being the neutral position;

Fig. 9 is a detail face view of the supporting yoke from which theinter'nal gear and certain Fig. 10 is a longitudinal vertical section showing a transmission of somewhat modified form;

Fig. 11 shows on a larger scale certain parts illustrated in Fig. 10;

; Fig. '12 is a detail of'the valve controlling the 'operation of the. expansible bladder member by meansof which the friction clutch is engaged; and

h Fig. 13' is a detail section taken on line 13-13 of Fig. 10. V l I In the drawings the invention is shown as applied to a marine reverse and reduction gear having at the forward end a double cone clutch member; adapted to be driven from the engine and adapted when en aged to drive adouble cone clutch member connectedto the forward end of P 1 is a central longitudinal section of a tifiguiisjinission embodying my improvements. the

shiftable dog clutch member and certain other parts associated therewithbeing shown in section along line X-X of Fig.4, the transmission being in neutral position; 7

V Fig. 2 is a sectional view on a larger scale with portions broken away showing the parts adjacent the forward end of the transmission, the transmission being in position forv reverse drive; i

Fig. 3 is a section on line 3-4 of Fig. 1; l 1 Fig. 3 is a detail plan view of the cam for operating the friction clutch; I l Fig. 3 is a detail section'on. line 3 -43 of Fig. 4 is a section on line 4 4 of Fig. 1; g Fig. 5 is a section on line 5-5 of Figs; Fi 5 is a detail end view of the dog member;

Fig. 6is a. section on line 6-5 of Fig. 1: Fig. 6 is a section on line S 4 5 of Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on line of Fig. 6 of certain parts a'djacent the rear end of the transmission; l l

Fig. 8 is a section on-line 8-8 of Fig. 6 showclutch andthe driven shaft at a drive shaft adapted to drive from its rear end an internal gear carried by a drivenshaft arranged in the rear end portion of the transmission housing and adapted ;to drive a propeller shaft or other powe take off. Parallel to the drive shaft is a .countershaft arranged so that under certain conditions it can be rotated from the drive shaft'in a reverse direction in order to, drive in a reverse direction the internal gear carried by the driven shaft. Arranged to slide along the drive shaft isa dog clutch member controlledcoordinately with the main friction clutch and adapted to be shifted rearwardly in order to produce the forward drive action above mentloned and adapted when shifted forwardlyto produce drive in the reverse direction. this dog clutch member, shiftable along the drive shaft, is in the'intermediate or neutral position,

a brake holds the internal gear and therefore the forward drive or to the position for reverse drive the brake is released automatically so that the driven shaft is free for rotation.

Referring particularly to the form shown in Figs. 1 to iL'inclusive, the housing of the transmission is indicatedgenerally at A, the friction clutch at B, the drive shaft at C, the dog clutch member at D. the internal gear member at E, the brake associated with the internal gear at F, The counter shalt.

used in reverse drive, is shown at H.

When

It will be noted that in the form shown the driven shaft G is somewhat lower than the drive shaft C and in turn somewhat higher than the counter shaft H, so as to have an intermediate position with reference to these shafts. The dog clutch member D is shiftable by means of a piv-v oted yoke member I,' operablyconnected to the brake F inthe manner hereinafter described, and

this yoke member I is operable by means such as an'external lever K shown in Fig. 4. The clutch Wh n th -togg e 4 s; t aightened as, i th p B is adapted to be, engaged and disengaged through the operation of a cam' member L mounted on the forward end of a rod M Which is shiftable forwardly and rearwardl'y with the mem ber D.

Referring now to the details, it will be notedthat the clutch B comprises an outer member v which in this particular instance is driven; from a member 2| only partially shown, said member 2t being for example a portion of an engine flywheel. In this particular case the member 2| is connected through a plate 22 to the member 20 but this is by way of example only, and it will be understood that member 20 can receive its rotation;

from the engine orother prime mover in any suitable or preferred manner. The member 20, is of annular form and comprisesv a section 20 and a second section 20", these sections being interconnected by means such as screws 23 and pins or,

dowels 24; The member 20 is provided internally with oppositely arranged conical friction surfaces '25 and 26, respectively, and these surfaces are adapted to be frictionally engaged by an inner double cone clutch member 21. This inner clutch member 21 includes sections 2 8 and 29. respectively, which are axially movable with IBTPCCt to each other. The section 28 has an outer c'lIllCa] surface provided with suitable lining material 3!] adapted to make frictional contact with s rface 25, while section 29 has an outer conical surface provided with a friction lining 3! adapted to make frictional contact with surface 28. Between sec tions 28 and 29" helical springs 32 are interposed;

these springs being accommodated in suitable sockets, and the tendency of the springs 32 is to separate the sections of the inner clutch member and urge-them into contact with corresponding portions of the outer clutch member. The sections of the inner member, however, can be held out of contact with the outer member by the operation of a series of clutch disengaging levers arranged in the manner hereinafter described.

The clutch sections 28 and 29 are in the form of rings having inner parts with inwardly projecting splines or teeth; the splines of the section 28 being indicated at 33 and those of section 28 being indicated at 34. These splines 33 and 34 are engaged in axial grooves 35 extending longitudinally on the outer surfac of a ring member 38 (Figs. 2 and 3) which is'connected as by bolts 31 to a flange 38 formed or provided on the forward end of the drive shaft C previously mentioned. The ring member 36 serves as a mounting for a series of declutchin levers generally indicated at N, which are operable by the cam member L on the forward end of rod M. In the form shown, the levers N comprise three groups of levers equidistantly spaced in a circumferential direction, and each group has a forward lever 39, a rear lever 40, and a toggle connection 41 between the levers which toggle connection is operable by the cam L to press the clutch sections 28 and 29 toward each other for releasing the clutch.

Each forward lever 39 is pivoted intermediate securedto the ring in a suitable manner as byme l s of'ascrew- 48; passing through; the bottom of he channel-m mb and e ga ing; a t eaded s et 9; n m mber 36;. The p v t p ns 42' and; 4.4 are carried directly, in member, In the side walls of each channelmemberlfi are notches 5.0., a d ope ating i th se not hes-are the end por tions of a pin Slimming-a p ;,of the'togsle-M a d hav n a ixed' t r o. int me iate. or; t ends, a roller 52; adapted to be shifted bythe m.- m m w ihetosele me han sm also inludes dup x. li ks .3: havin perf ations; engaged-overthe pin; 50; at opposite sides respectively f. th r ll r 52; and o her. pe forat ns-attire. p posite endefngaged over; the ends of the pin 54: at the inner end of lever 40, as shown. in Fi 3. The toggle mechanism further comprises a-pai 0f links 55 having end perforations by; which they are engaged over pin 5 ,l outside-of the links 53; and also. havingattheir opposit ends perforations by i y e encase v r apin .6 ca ri dby the inner end of lever 39. 1

'ih rollers 52 of; the several group of levers are adapted to be engaged by carnportion 51 of cam L wh;cl1 portiqns 51 are in, the forrn of outwardly, projecting radial webs, each Such web being in longtudinal section of the; shape; shown;v

in Eig. 2. It will therefore be understood that asthe caznL is moved frornth'e position shown in P e.- ZtQ-ihe p ti n, ho n. in Fig. 1., theroll r the cam L is guided. The preferred practic sis to mount rollers 59 in earn L within, kerfsc 6,0,; the

rollers iflghaving axle members 61', and therolle'rs having cylindrical portions travelin alongflat end faces 62 withwhich theribs 5&iareprovided. The webs or ribs 51 on the cam mem er also have flat free edges which engage the-rollersof the toggles. v

The drive aftci n which. th lnnerclutch;

member is mounted is a; hoil0W.-.S, evelike shaft. having its forward end arranged; in; front. of, a partition 3. ex endin -upwardlyf om the flo'orof the housingji, saidshaftahaving a bearing in the upper part of said partition. At-itsrear end, the

shaft C- extends intoproxi-mity to apartition lit extended downwardlyfromthe upper wall or the housing,- there being-provisions whereby theshaft is supported from this second: partition also} as hereinafter described.- Thecountershaft H has a bearing in partitionilbclow the bearing provided in said partition for shaft C; The bearing provided in partition 63 for shaft C is-preferably 1 i .9 9 fibrin dthe teeth 8"! ofthe internal geanE. The ring Beirtendsforwardly from the web 83. The j'b 'k.

the gear a ball bearing indicated "at GSE, "and the -bear ing in said partition for the countershaft'is preferably .aiball bearing 96. From the 'upp'erendof, partition63 a"'wal1 61 extends upwardly andrear- .wardly to the top wall. of the housing so as to-close in the rear part of thehous'ing in order that it 1 amay contain a body'of' lubricating oil, and adjacentthe lower end of wall "is a gutter B8 intowhich' oilis splashed and froinrwhich it runs down-to the,- bearings'fii and;

I I Oil is prevented from working forwardlyaroundthe shaft Rearwardly of the partition as; the shafthas a, somewhat reduced cylindrical portion 12 on 1 which. is rotatable a gear pinion 13; there being interposed between, portion 12 and pinion 13 a pair of ball. bearings "[4 arranged side by side.

The":pin-ion T3- is adapted'to beengag ed by the dog clutch member D previously mentioned and for that purpose has the particular construction hereinafter described. Ihepinion"isjloose on shaft Cand.has externall'spur teeth in mesh with-the teeth of a spur pinion 'l5 keyedas' by 'means of a key 15. 'tothe forward, end portion of p the oountershaft H.

When the member D. is shifted remarkin it engages pinion 13 so as to cause the drive thereof from the. shaft C, and when the member D is "shifted rearwardly it engages a pinion member m 11, this pinion member 11. being a member meshmg with internal gear member Ean'd adapted to drive thedriven shaft G. The. shaft G has attached to it by means includinganut 1.9 a cou- "pling member 19 projecting rearwardly out-of the housingand adapted to drive a. propeller shaft for' other power take off, and the (shaft. G isjour naled'in the rear wall of the housing by means including a'ball bearin 'surroundingfthe coupling member 19.. A. cap plate 8 l having a. seal;-

' ing ring8l. isapplied to the rear. wall lot the housing aroundthe coupling.;member in a. man =n er enclose the bearingLBDL QHSoinevvhat forweirdly of thefbearing referred-to, the cross sec- "tion ofshaft G. lsenlarged to provide a portion 82 of cup-shaped formationandffr om the rim of the cup thus formed extends a web 83, {checkcumferential portion of which is rigidl y connectsuitable manner as by screws]!!! and 5 to fthe ringfli on whose inner surface are previously mentioned, extends around M v ring and is adaptedto be tightened thereon.

" wit tetup -s atea rotate; rovidemby the internal ear and its supporti f g part is located a fixed supporting member 81in thenature "of a yoke whichlis fixed in relation toihe housing andacts as a support for several of the, adjacent parts. This yoke 81 has side portions .88 by means of which it is rigidly secured by means of screws :89 and pins 90 to a wall member 9| which isassociated with and forms a part oftheybartition B l-previously mentioned; The yoke 8'! isat the rear of this wall and the screws 89are placed in the yoke fromthe rear face of the latter; At

of a pinion 94 having a hub95 keyed at 9.6 to the rear end portion'of countershaft H.

" and between the cylindrical surface of bus 91 and'the'inner face of the cup portion is an antifrictionv bearing 99, preferably a roller bearing having rollers ['00. Thus there is provided an effective bearing and centering, means for the adjacent portion of the driven shaft G.

The yoke further provides a bearing for 7 that portion of the pinion" which is engaged with theiinternal gear andfor this purpose the yokeflis provided with a forwardly projecting cylindricalportion IIH around'which is fitted 1 a roller bearing [02, said. roller bearing being received in a recess I93 formed in the rear portion of pinion 1-1. Similarly, yoke 81 provides a bearing for that portion of pinion 94 which is fengaged with the internal gear, and for this purpose a roller bearing I received ina recess I05 at the rear portion of pinion 94 surrounds a forwardly extending cylindrical portion lion f thejl'owenportion of the yoke member.

At its rear portion which isext-mded into proximity to the partition li-iv the drive shaft C is reduced in section to provide a small cylindrical; terminal portion 1.01. This'portion. is sur I rounded by an anti-friction bearing illustrated as a ball bearing I 08, and bearing I 08 is received in a recess |109fprovided internally in the pinion member 11. Surrounding the forward end portion of pinion member". is an anti-friction "bearing illustrated as a ball bearing llll received in a recess I I I; provided adjacent the rear face of awall 64 constituting a part of partition 64.

Thus it will be seen that the pinion I1 is mounted for free rotation the partition and the rear concentric endjof the drive shaft is capable of independent rotation within and relatively to the The pinion 1-1, as will be seen from Fig. 1, is of special profile having adjacent its forward end internal teeth llllspaced outwardly from the body of the shaft '0 and adapted to be engaged by the member D in the manner to be hereinafter described. In this portion of the pinion the outer contour is cylindrical so that the outer ball bearthe pinion ll is externally toothed so as to pro- 'is provided withaninternal clearance recess H3 -vide for engagement, with the internal gear. Rearwardl-y of the internal teeth H2 the pinion andba'ck of this recess with arecess I09 of smaller diameter receiving the internal ball bearing. Rearwardly of the ball bearing the pinion is provided with an internal shoulder portion Ill andrearwardly' of the portion I I4 is the recess I03 its upper front portion the yokehas a cutaway accommodating the roller bearing by means of which the pinion is supported internally from "the yoke member.

The rod M for moving cam L is a round rod housed in a bore 1 IS in shaft C, this bore being open at the rear end of the shaft and the rod being adapted to be thrust rearwardly out of the bore to a limited extent as shown by the dottedlines in Fig. 1. Adjacent the forward end of the shaft C. the same is provided internally with an oil seal ring H6; making contact with the rod so as to prevent lubricant from working out of theforward end of the shaft. Preferably, the oil seal ring H6 is located at the bottom of a flaring recess II'I forming a mouth portion at the front end of the shaft which gives the cam L ample. clearance for its movement. Preferably the cam L is held on the rod by means of a collar II8 on the rod rigid with the rod and constituting an abutment for the rear face of the cam. That portion of the rod in front of the collar extends through a bore H9 in the cam and the assembly is completed by means such as a clamping nut I20 having threaded engagement with the forward extremity of the rod and adapted to hold the cam rigidly against its supporting shoulder.

The pinion 13, with which the member D cooperates, is provided at the rear with a recessed portion I3 overhanging with a certain amount of clearance a portion of the shaft C, and within this recessed portion the pinion is provided with internal teeth 13 to be engaged by teeth of the member D. This member D, a shown, is constituted by a sleeve slidable along a splined portion of the shaft C. Projecting radially outwardly from member D at the forward end are a plurality of teeth or dogs I2I adapted to engage the spaces between certain of the teeth 13, and at the rear of the member is a'similar series of teeth or dogs I22 adapted to engage the spaces between certain of the internal teeth of pinion TI. The splining of member D on shaft C may be accomplished by providing member D on its inner surface with a plurality of projecting ribs or splines I23 engaging grooves I24 provided in a peripheral portion of the shaft. The rod M is provided at an appropriatepoint with 9. rectangular hole I25 in which is received a cross .key I26 of rectangular section which extends at both ends past the rod and past the shaft and clutch sleeve as shown in Fig. 4, the terminals of this cross key being rounded as shown at I21 and being received in sockets formed between the adjacent faces of plates I28, I29, abutted and fastened together, said plates together forming a sliding collar I30. to be shifted axially by operation of lever K, which lever as shown in Fig. 4 is fastened to the end of a shaft I3I rockingly mounted and providing one pivot of the yoke member I, the other pivot being at the opposite side of the housing, as indicated at I32. From the lower part of the yoke member I depend side arms I33, each having a fork I34 at the lower portion thereof. The forks I34 are at opposite sides of the collar I30 and engage over the edges of the collar so that as the yoke I is swung the collar is shifted axially. The forks I34 are pivoted to their: supporting arms by means of pins I35. The cross key I26, previously mentioned, not only serves to secure the collar I30 to the rod in such a manner that the rod is moved axially by swinging the yoke I but said cross key likewise serves to prevent rotation of rod M within shaft C, for which purpose the cross key engages longitudinal slots I36 in the shaft C. The sleeve of member D is provided with diametrical slots I31 through which key I26 projects and which permits a certain limited axial movement of the member D relatively to the cross key and the collar to which the cross key is attached.

The collar I30 shifts the member D in a cushioned manner through a spring arrangement, as will now be described, in order that when the member is shifted into engagement with the forward cooperating pinion or the rearward cooperating pinion. as the case may be, the engagement can be cushioned and gradual in order that This collar I30 is adapted there may be no shock or jar. For accomplishing this I prefer to mount a series of spring pressed members I38 in the collar I30, some of these members being adapted to push the member D rearwardly and other being adapted to push it forwardly. In the particular arrangement shown, these members have plungers acting against the teeth on the respective ends of the double clutch member. Each spring-pressed member preferably comprises as shown in Fig. 5 a plunger I39 extending axially of a socket I40 in the collar and having a portion within the socket pressed in axial direction by a compression spring MI. The, plunger also has an externally projecting portion I42 at one side of the collar adapted to press the clutch member axially by engagement behind one of the teeth I 2I or I22 as the case may be. In Fig. 5 at the lower part there appears a spring-pressed device adapted to shift the clutch member forwardly, while at the upper part of Fig. 5 is a similar device adapted to press the member rearwardly, and it will be understood that it is preferred to have a number of spring-pressed devices arranged to press the member forwardly and an equal number arranged to press it rearwardly. It is understood, of course, that when the member is in the neutral position shown in Fig. 5 the opposite pressures of the spring-pressed devices will be substantially balanced but that when the collar is moved axially in one direction the springs of one set of plungers are compressed strongly so as to move the member strongly and yet resiliently in the corresponding direction.

It will be noted that the members I28, I29, forming the collar, have cutaway inner portions as indicated in Fig. 4, whereby, in assembling, these plates can clear the teeth I2I, I22; After being placed over the member D the plates are turned into positions to bring the spring plungers in proper relation to the teeth, after which the plates are anchored in place on the member by having the rounded ends I21 engaged with notches I2I in the plates. The plates are fastened together by means such as screws I43.

The yoke member I is provided with a rigid upwardly extending arm I44, to which is pivoted by a pin I45 a clevis I46 which clevis has an adjustable threaded connection I 41 with a bar I48 which controls th tightening an releasing of the brake F. This brake is of the contractable brake-band type and preferably includes in its structure a metal band I49 having a gap I50 between its ends and lined with friction material I5I adapted to be brought into tight contact with the external cylindrical surface of the internal gear E. Attached to one end of the band I49 by means of a plate I52 is a lug I53, and attached to the other end of the band by means of a plate I54 is a lug I55, and between lugs I53 and I55 is extended a shank I56 passing loosely through lug I53 and carrying an adjustabl nut I51. The shank I56 has the lug I55 in loosely embracing relation thereto, and a compression spring I5! is arranged between the lugs. A roller I58 is carried by the terminal part ofthe shank I56, this roller being at one side of the bar I48, and at the opposite side of the bar is a roller I59 mounted on a part I60 held in a recess I6I of lug I55. When the wide part I48 of bar I48 is located between the rollers I 58 and I59, the shank I56 is pulled axially so as to tighten the band, but when the bar I48 is moved lengthwise to the position for forward drive or the position for reverse drive a thinner portion of the bar move opposite the rollers, and then the spring immediately releases the band. The bar I48 extends through the partition member 64 by way of a slot I65. I I

In Fig. 1 the forward drive position of the yoke I is shown in the dotted lines and itwill be observed that when the yoke member reaches the forward drive positionit is arrestedbyv the portion I coming into contact with a threaded adjustable stop member [62. On the other hand,

just as soonas internal gear E is released, and clutch B engaged through the movement of the cam L to the inoperative position shown in full lines in Fig. 2.

It will be seenthat in this form of the mecha nism the ring member 36 serves as a driving hub carried by the forward end of the drive shaft C,

when the yoke member I is moved to the position in Fig. 8.

Let it besupposed that the gear illustrated is in the neutral position shown in Fig. 1, the engine being running. In this condition, the outer member 20 of friction clutch B is rotating with the engine flywheel but the inner double cone member of the clutch is not engaged, being held out of action by means of the cam L which holds the toggles 4| straight and causes a pinchi g action to be exerted by the forward ends of the levers 39 and 40 on the spring-se arated sections of the inner clutch member. There istherefore no drive of drive shaftC. and as the yoke member I is in a position in whichthe internal gear E is braked by its brake band, there is no rotation of the driven shaft G. Now, if itis desired to effect forward drive, this is accomplished by actuation of lever K in adirection to move yoke I counterclockwise (Fig. 1), moving yoke member I into the position shown in the dottedlines in Fig. l.

One effect of this is to draw the rodMrearwardly, and another effect is to shift the member D rearwardly so thatit will be drivingly engaged with the pinion l1. At the same time that member D is moving rearwardly, the rodM is moving rearwardiy, and theyoke member I is moving the bar I48 of brake F-toward position for release, and the timing should be such that the member D will be engaged with the pinion 11 before the brake is released and before the shaft C begins to turn as a'result of the engagement of t e trio release of the brake F cantakeplacel; In other Words, the brake band holds the pinion, through the internal gear, stationary so as to insure silent meshing without" clashing, and then the brake I having accomplished one of its most important functions is released to-release the driven shaft which is rotated from the pinion ll driven from the clutch. At about this time the rod M reaches its fully retracted position and the clutch B is fully engaged.

To go back to neutral, the movement of yoke member I is reversed and then from neutral the gearing can be placed in position for reverse drive by movement Of'YOke I fromthe position of Fig. 1 in a clockwise direction which brings the Darts into the full line position shown in Fig; 2. First,

the member D is shiftedto engagement with pinion 13 in a manner which will beiuliy understood, and then as pinion 13 is rotated, pinion I5, counter shaft H, and pinion Slwill be rotated in the reverse direction for effecting reverse drive that part 20 provides a drive member located radially outwardly of said hub, that the operating means for the friction clutch comprises the cam L and therod M, and that braking means for the driven shaft (3 is provided by the band F and its associated mechanism. Selectively operable gear meansfor interconnecting the dri'e shaft and the driven shaft is provided by the internal gear. on the driven shaft and the pinions H and 13 (the latter pinion having associated with it the counter-shaft gearing) the t o ninions being'selectiveiy rotatable by the shiftable doubledog clutch member D movable axially of fheJdrive shaft. Anoperating element for th ,sriftal'le eleme t D is provided by the yoke I. I and means as above described connects said yoke with the b aking means.

The re ction geari g etween the driven shaft and the drive shaft inclndes the internal gear E and the associated .oi ions for rotating said gear in opposite direcmember and the forward end of the drive: shaft.

In this modified form a double cone friction I clutch is employed as before, the inner member of said clutch, comprising axially movable see- I, tions; but the sections are under the influence of springs pressing them toward each other rather than away from each other so that normally the clutch isin the disengaged position but maybe actuated to the engaged position by the expansion of an annular expansible elastic member adapted to be expanded by internal fluid pressure. In this form the friction clutch B has an outer double cone member, 200 and an inner member 20! comprising axially movable sections 202, 203 having webs 204, 205, respectively with splines 206, 201 engaged in grooves 203 of a hub member 209 attached to a flange 2"! provided at the forward end of the drive shaft C. Small helical springs 2, 2i! press the sections toward each other so as to hold the innermember in, disengaged position. A hollow annular elastic bladder -2i3 comprising rubber or rubberlike material is interposed between the webs of the sections and is adapted to receive fluid such as compressed, air which when admitted to the bladderhas. the effect of engaging the clutchin oppositiontothe'action of the springs.

The air for actuating the clutch is derived from a suitable source of air under pressure and is delivered bya pipe 2 to a valve 2l5 of the rotary typemounted on the outside of the housing. This valve is indicated by the dotted lines inFigs. 10 and 11, and is shown in section in Fig. 12. This valve delivers air to a pipe M5 and said pipe is extended rearwardly in the gearhousing to make a connection at 2H (Fig. 10) with a conduit 218 in ayoke member 2 l9 corresponding generally to the yoke member 81 previously described. Communicating with conduit 2! is a duct 22!) leading to a fixed tube 22l that extends forwardly through a bore in the shaft C and is connected to a coupling 222 which, in turn, is

connected to the fixed hollow inner member 223 of a sealing device 224 having a rotary cover 225 connected by a pipe 226 to the bladder 2l3, the arrangement being such that air is supplied without leakage to the bladder notwithstanding the translation of the pipe 226 about the axis of the inner clutch member when the clutch is engaged. This translation of the pipe is facilitated by the provision of anti-friction bearings within the device 224, providing-for the rotation of the cover member about the clutch axis, carrying with it the pipe connected to the bladder.

The valve 2|! comprises a casing 221 in which rotates a body 223 connected by an arm 229 and a link 230 to a shaft 23! carried by the yoke I. The body 223 has an open interior 232 into which lead radial passages 233, 234, and 235. and between passages 233 and 234 in a cutawa ortion 233. Leading out of the casing 221 is an escape port 231. Y Y I When the air valve is in the neutral position as I shown in Fig. 12, incoming air from inlet pipe 2 I4 is cut 01! by a solid portion of the valve body. and on the other hand the bladder is in communication with the atmosphere by way of the pipe 2", the cutaway portion 233 and the escape port member of the clutch with the outer member.

n the other hand, in moving to the position for reverse drive the valve will be shifted so that the passages 23! and 234 are respectively in register with the pipes 2 and 2| so that in this case also the bladder will be expanded for en- Basing the clutch. when the valve moves back to the neutral position, each time, the pressure in the bladder is relieved because the pipe 2" is placed in communication with the escape port in the manner above described.

Besides the diife'rence in the friction clutch,

there is, in this second form, a difference in respect to the form and arrangement of the yoke member associated with the driving gears which mesh with the internal gear member. Here the yoke member is of different shape from yoke member 31 and the web extending outwardly from the driven shaft G to carry the internal gear ring is formed and arranged in a different manner. The shaft G has keyed to it by key means 240 a sleeve 2 to which is'integraliy joined a web 238 having a forwardly inclined portion secured as by screws, 242 to the internal gear ring 233. The sleeve 2 has at the forward end portion a flange 243 supporting an external roller bearing 244 which is received within an axial flange 245 extending rearwardly from the yoke member 2i! adjacent the periphery thereof. By this arrangement the yoke member supports exteriorly a part of the drive shaft structure, and

this is of definite advantage under certain conditions. The drive shaft structure itself is also simple and strong, the internal gear being very eii'ectively supported for rotation.

In this second form, the member D' is substantially the same as member D, being guided lengthwise on the drive shaft by means of splines or the like. In this case a collar member 248 is provided which is similar to the previously described collar member, carrying a number of spring-pressed plungers 241 similar to those previously described and acting in the same manner as resilient pusher members for the clutch member. In this case the collar member, after being assembled with the clutch member, with the spring-pressed plungers in their proper positions behind the teeth, is held in position by means such as an internal pin 24B associated with the collar and engaging a longitudinal guide groove 249 in the sleeve of the clutch. By this arrangement alsothe collar is permitted the requisite axial movement so that it can shift the clutch sleeve through the resilient pusher elements.

It will be seen from the above that the invention provides a reduction and reverse gear of relatively simple structure which is strong and rugged and well adapted to conditions of heavy service. The improved mechanism is especially well adapted for marine use and in that connection it has special application to reverse and reduction gears of fishing boats and other heavy-duty boats where the power is commonly provided by Diesel engines. However, the invention has various other applications.

The transmission is suited for heavy duty service because among other things there can be a substantial reduction of speed between the engine shaft and the propeller shaft. In the particular case shown, the pinion cooperating with the internal gear for forward drive is of such dimensions as to provide a reduction of the order of 2 to l, and the gears used in connection with the reverse drive to the internal gear are of such proportions that in reverse the drive of the driven shaft is somewhat slower than in forward drive. However, the gears can be changed in size to suit different conditions and there is no limitation to specific gear ratios.

A definite advantage arises from the simple and compact arrangement of the gear elements which 0 provide the forward and reverse drive at reduced speed in comparison to the engine speed. Owing to the provision of the braking element shown herein as a brake band, which brakes the driven shaft when the transmission is in neutral position, the main gears of the transmission are stating a sturdy and powerful clutch to be used.

This clutch is housed in a special compartment in the front end of the transmission, from which compartment the lubricating oil lubricating the gearing is effectively excluded. The clutch structure itself is of improved form and is capable of transmitting a large amount of power.

Other very definite advantages arise from the relative arrangement of the drive shaft, counter shaft, and driven shaft, and from the arrangement ,of the gears and supports associated with the rear ends of the drive shaft and counter shaft and the forward end of the driven shaft.

While in the examples illustrated the shaft carrying the internal gear is the driven shaft, it will be understood that in some cases this shaft may be the drive shaft.

I do not claim broadly herein the combination of a housing constructed of two separable sections,

one being a front section and the other a rear section, a longitudinal shaft in the front section,

an offset shaft in the rear section, reduction gearing between said shafts, including an internal gear carried by the offset shaft and a, pinion driven from the other shaft, a transverse partition membercarried by one of the housing sections, and a, supporting member forsaid reduction gearing in the form of a yoke mounted upon said partition member, as claimed in my application, Serial No. 511,955, filed November 27, 1943.

While I have illustrated and described two forms of the improved transmission mechanism, I

it is to be understood that the invention can be embodied in many other forms and that various modifications and changes in the organization of parts and in the details can bemade without departing from the principles of the invention or the scopev of the claims.

What I claimis:

1. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a drive shaft, a driven shaft, a clutch for controlling the operation of the drive shaft, operating means-for the clutch, brakingmeans for the driven shaft, selectively operable gear means for interconnecting said shafts for forward or reverse drive including a shiftable member movable axially of the drive shaft, an operating element for said shiftable member, means connecting said operating element with said braking means, and means for connecting said operating element with said clutch operating means, said clutch operating means including a camming element movable axially of the driving shaft. F

2. In a transmission mechanism, thecombination of a drive shaft, a driven shaft, a clutch for controlling the operation of the drive shaft,'opcrating means for the clutch, braking means for the driven shaft disposed about the driven shaft,

selectively operable gear means for interconnecting said shafts for forward or reverse drive including a shiftable member disposed about and movable axially of the drive shaft, an operating element for said shiftable member, means connecting said operating element with said braking means, and means for connecting said operating element with said clutch operating means, said clutch operating means being fiuid-operated and including'a fluid-controlling valve operably connected to said operating element and also ineluding a fluid conduit disposed within the, drive 3. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a drive shaft, a friction clutchfor controlling the operation of said shaft, a driven shaft parallel to the drive shaft, gear means including a shiftable dog clutch member for sel'ec tively interconnecting said shafts for forward or reverse drive, said means also includingan inband embracing said internal gear and adapted to brake the driven shaft, means for operating said band, means for operating the friction clutch, and means interconnecting the friction clutch operating means, the shiftabie member of the gear means and the brake band operating means. 1 I

4. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a drive shaft, a friction clutch for controlling the operation of said shaft, a driven shaft, gear means including ashiftable member for selectively interconnecting said shafts forforward or reverse drive, said means also'in'clud ing an internal gear carried by thedriven shaft,

abrake band embracing said internal gear and adaptedto brake the driven shaft, means for operating said band, means for operating the friction clutch, and means interconnecting the friction clutch operating means, the shiftable memberof the gear means and the brakeband operating means, said friction clutch including inner and outer members and said friction clutch operating means including an axially shiftable cam andgroups of declutching levers associated with the inner member operable from said cam.

5. In atransmission mechanism, the combinationcf a drive shaft, a friction clutch for controlling the operation of said shaft, a driven shaft, 9. gear means including a shiftable member for selectively interconnecting said shafts for forward or reverse drive, said means also includingan internal gear carried by the driven shaft, a brake bandembracing said internalgear and adapted to brake the driven shaft, means for operating said band, means for operating;-

the friction clutch, and means interconnecting the friction clutchoperating means, the shift- ,able member of the gear means, and the brake band operating means, said'friction clutch including inner and outer members, the inner ,member comprising separable sections and the friction clutch operating means including fluid mean for separating the sections and thereby engaging the clutch,

6. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a housing, a driven shaft located in the rear portionof Ithehousing, a drive shaft above the driven shaft and in offset paralletrelation, thereto and having aforwardnd adjacentthe forward end of the housing, adriving hub carried by the forward end of. the drive shaft, a drive member located radially outwardly of said hub,

a friction clutch having ainember carried by said hub and another member carried by said drive member, a countershaft in the housing below the driven shaft. a pinion rotatable about said drive shaft rearwardly of said hub member and I meshing with a pinion mounted on said countershaft the first pinion, an external brake associated I ins connections between said member, the brake eo ternai gear carried by the driven shaft, a brake shaft, a pinion on the rear end ofsaid countershaft meshingwith an internal gear on the for.- ward and of the drivenshaft, a rotary pinion adjacent the'r'ear end of said drive shaft meshing with said internal gear, selectively operable reversing means for locking. said last-named pinion to the drive shaft andfor locking to the drive with said internal gear and adapted to brake the driven shaft, an, operating "member mounted in the housing intermediate or its ends, and operatmeans, the friction clutch and the reversing means.

'7. A transmission mechanism such as set forth in 01811116, in which the, operating connection between the operating member and the friction clutch is located in partinteriorly of the drive shaft.

8. In atransinission mechanism, the combination of a housing, a drive shaft arranged longitudinally within the housing, a drive member adjacent the forward end of the housing, a friction clutchbetween said drvie shaft and said drive member, a driven shaft in the rear portion of the housing axially offset fromthe drive shaft, reduction gearing associated with the driven shaft, operating connections between the drive shaft and the reduction gearing including a shiftable double dog clutch member for driving the driven shaft forwardly or reversely, a brake for braking the driven shaft, and a movable control member in the housing operatively connected to the brake, the shiftable member and the-friction clutch.

9. A transmission mechanism such as set forth in claim 8, in which the movable control member is mounted above the drive shaft and intermediate the ends of said shaft.

10. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a drive shaft, a driven shaft in parallel offset relation thereto, an internal gear carried by the driven shaft, means operable from the drive shaft and including pinions engaging the internal gear at different respective points for driving the driven shaft forwardly or reversely, said means also including a countershaft having a gear meshing with a gear mounted around the drive shaft, a drive member located adjacent that end of the drive shaft which is remote from the internal gear, a friction clutch between said drive member and said drive shaft, and a movable control member for said driving means operatively connected to said friction clutch for controlling the operation thereof, the connection between the control member and clutch including a member disposed interiorly of the drive shaft.

11. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a drive shaft, a, driven shaft in parallel offset relation thereto, an internal gear carried by the driven shaft, means operable from the drive shaft and including pinions engaging the internal gear at different respective points for driving the driven shaft forwardly or reversely, said means also including a countershaft having a gear meshing with a gear concentric to the drive shaft, a movable control member for said driving means, an external friction brake embracing said internal gear and adapted to brake the driven shaft, and an operating connection between said brake and said movable control member.

12. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a housing, a driven shaft located in the rear portion of the housing, a drive shaft above the driven shaft and in offset parallel relation thereto and having a forward end adjacent the forward end of the housing, a driving hub carried by the forward end of the drive shaft, a drive member located radially outwardly of said hub,

a friction clutch having a member carried by said hub and another member carried by said drive member, a countershaft in the housing below the driven shaft, a pinion rotatable about said drive shaft rearwardly of said hub member and meshing with a pinion mounted on said countershaft, a pinion on the rear end of said countershaft meshing with an internal gear on the forward end of the driven shaft, a, rotary pinion adjacent the rear end of said drive shaft meshing with said internal gear, selectively operable means for locking said last-named pinion or the first pinion to 'the drive shaft including a sliding dog clutch member about the drive shaft and pivoted operating member for said clutch member located in the upper part of the housing, a brake member for the driven shaft located in the rear portion of the housing and operably connected to said operating member, and operating means for said friction clutch operably connected to said operating member.

13. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a housing, a driven shaft located in the rear portion of the housing, a drive shaft above the driven shaft and in offset parallel relation thereto and having a forward end adjacent the forward end of the housing, a driving hub carried by the forward end of the drive shaft, a drive member located radially outwardly of said hub, a friction clutch having a member carried by said hub and another member carried by said drive member, a countershaft in the housing below the driven shaft, a pinion rotatable about said drive shaft rearwardly of said hub member and meshing with a pinion mounted on said countershaft, an internal gear on the forward end of the driven shaft, a pinion on the rear end of said countershaft meshing with said internal gear, a rotary pinion adjacent the rear end of said drive shaft meshing with said internal gear, a partition extending transversely of said housing and located forwardly of said internal gear and in proximity thereto, selectively operable means for locking said last-named pinion or said firstnamed pinion to the drive shaft, and a member located rearwardly of said partition and supported therefrom for supporting the inner end of the driven shaft.

14. In a transmission mechanism, the comtion thereto and having a forward end adjacent the forward end of the housing, a driving hub carried by the forward end of the drive shaft, a drive member located radially outwardly of said hub, a friction clutch having a member carried by said hub and another member carried by said drive member, a countershaft in the housing below the driven shaft, a pinion rotatable about said drive shaft rearwardly of said hub member and meshing with a pinion mounted on said countershaft, an internal gear on the forward end of the driven shaft, a pinion on the rear end of said countershaft meshing with said internal gear, a rotary pinion adjacent the rear end of said drive shaft meshing with said internal gear, a partition extending transversely of said housing and located forwardly. of said internal gear and in prox'mity thereto, selectively operable means for locking said last-named pinion or said firstnamed pinion to the drive shaft, and a member located rearwardly of said partition and supported therefrom for supporting the inner end of the driven shaft, said supporting member having supporting bosses for the pinions engaging the internal gear.

15. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a front drive shaft and a rear driven shaft offset from the drive shaft, a forwardly located friction clutch for controlling the operation of the drive shaft, an internal gear on the forward end of the drive shaft, means cooperating with said internal gear providing a reversible reduction gearing between said shafts and having as an element thereof a sliding dog clutch member movable lengthwise of the drive shaft, an operating member for said dog clutch member, a brake band embracing said internal gear and adapted to brake the driven shaft and operably connected to said operating member, means for operating said friction clutch, and means operably connecting the friction clutch operating means to said operating member.

16. In a transmission mechanism, the combi nation of a housing, a drive shaft in the forward portion of the housing, a driven shaft in the rear portion of the housing and in offset parallel relation to the drive shaft, reversible reduction gearing means between the inner ends of the shafts, a drivin hub carried by the forward end 17 of the drive shaft, a drive member located radially outwardly of saidhub, a friction clutch having a member carried by said hub and another member carried by said drive member, means for operating said friction clutch associated withthe and adapted to move said friction memberinto engagement with its co-acting member, a fluid supply conduit for said fluid-actuated member operably connected to said operating means and located in part interiorly of the drive shaft.

17. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a housing, a driven shaft locatedin the rear portion of the housing, a drive shaft above the driven shaft and in offset parallel relation thereto and having a forward end adjacent the 1 forward end of the housing, reversible reduction gearing means between said shafts, anoperating member for said last-named means located in the upper intermediate portion of the housing, a driving hub carried by the forward end of the drive shaft, a drive member located radially outwardly of said hub, a friction clutch having a member carried by said hub and another member carried by said drive member, said friction clutch having lever members carried by said hub for controlling the engagement and disengagement j,

of the clutch, a cam member for actuating the lever members having an actuatingrod portion disposed within said drive shaft, andrflans for operably connecting said rod portion with said operating member.

18. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a housing, a driven shaft located in the rear portion of the housing adrive shaft above the driven shaft andin offset parallelrelation thereto and having a forward end adjacent the forward end of the housing, reversible reduction gearing means between said shafts, an operating member for said last-named means located in the upper intermediate portion of the housing,

a driving hub carried by the forward end of the drive shaft, a drive member located radially out-" wardly of said hub, a friction clutch having a member carried by said hub and another member carried by said drive member, said friction located within the drive shaft, fluid control means in communication with said conduit, and means for operably connecting said operating 1 member tosaid fluid control means. I

20. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a drive shaft in the form of a tubular member, a driven shaft in parallel offset relation to the drive shaft, reversible reduction gearing means between said shafts, a movable, control member for said reduction gearing means, a driving hub carried by that end of the drive shaft which is remote from the driven shaftpa drive member located radially outwardly of said hub, and a friction clutch having a, member carried by said driving member and a sectional engaging and disengaging member carried by said hub, said movable control member being operably connected to said engaging and disengaging clutch member, and the connection between said parts including a member disposed interiorly of the drive shaft.

21. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a drive shaft in the form of a tubular member, a driven shaft in parallel offset relation to the drive shaft, reversible reduction gearing means between said shafts, a. movable control member for said reduction gearing means, a driving hub carried by that end of the drive shaft which is remote from the driven shaft, a drive member located radially outwardly of said hub, a friction clutch having a member carried by said driving member and a sectional engaging and disengaging member carried by said hub, said movable control member being operably conthe member disposed interiorly of the shaft being clutch having lever members carried by said hub for controlling the engagementand disengage ment of the clutch, a cam member for actuating the lever members having an actuating rod portion disposed within said drive shaft, and means for operably connecting said rod portion with said operating member, said lever members acting on the friction clutch member carried by the hub to hold said member out of engagement with the other clutch member when said operating member is in the neutral position. 1

19. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of a housing, a driven shaft located in the rear portion of the housing, a drive shaft a longitudinally movable cam member for operating said levers.

JOHN O, BERNDTSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

above the driven shaft and in offset parallel rela- I Number UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date 1,099,520 Spacke et a1. June 9, 1914 1,463,327 Lewi July 31, 1923 1,685,502 Pearmain Sept. 25, 1928 1,693,645 Fahrney Dec. 4, 1928 1,778,970 Cotta et a1. Oct. 21, 1930 1 784,354 Haussman Dec. 9, 1930 2,023,584 Harvey Dec. 10, 1935 2,023,585 Harvey Dec. 10, 1935 2,052,650 Pearmain Sept. 1, 1936 2,052,651 Pearmain Sept. 1, 1936 2,091,557 Montgomery Aug. 31, 1937 2,101,774 Brasfield ,1 2. Dec. 7, 1937 2,106,958 Pettit Feb. 1, 1938 2,180,470 Jaeger et a1. Nov. 21, 1939 2,214,164 Fawiclc Sept. 10,1940 2,267,650 Hale Dec, 23, 1941 2,321,098 Morse June 8, 1943 2,321,255 Schultz e et a1. i June 8,1943

, FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 306,788 Great Britain Feb. 28, 1929 

